Based on a gender historiography of the Sandinista Revolution and a long-term qualitative study, this article first attempts to describe the ideological and social setting in which leaders of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) defined and mobilized the “New Nicaraguan Woman.” Second, the article analyzes the forms of women’s participation in the revolution prior to the FSLN’s rise to power. The article concludes by returning to the early phases of the Sandinista regime (1979–1982), when the FSLN’s grip on sociability shaped a new gender order.